EXERCISE

I.          Choose the right answer between a, b, c, d or e!

1.      Mary was ....... on the telephone when I came home.

a.       Talk

b.      Talked

c.       Talking

d.      Talks

2.      Consuming a preserved food, Deby becomes fat.

The underlined word means…

a.       After Deby had consumed

b.      When Deby consumes

c.       Although Deby consumes

d.      Because Deby consumes

3.      The bread ................... baked this evening smelled delicious.

a.       Just

b.      Has

c.       Was

d.      It 

4.      Dini went out, ............. the door.

a.       Slammed

b.      Slamming

c.       Slamms

d.      slam

5.      The boy ....... playing in the yard is my brother

a.       Is

b.      Was

c.       He

d.      Now

6.      I am ................ you

a.       Annoying

b.      Annoyed

c.       Annoyed with

d.      Annoyed by

7.      ...... being introduce to somebody, a muslim often shake hands.

a.       On

b.      In

c.       At

d.      It

8.      Can you ..... me the number of men killed?

a.       Told

b.      Tell

c.       Telling

d.      Tells

9.      The building being ............. is our class room.

a.       Repair

b.      Repairs

c.       Repaired

d.      Repairing

10.  Because I love you so much, ..............

a.       I give everything you want

b.      You give everything you want

c.       Everything I give you want

d.      Give me everything you want

II.          Match adverb clauses sentence below correctly!

11.  .......... I was a child. I used to play in the rain. 12.  I arrived at the station just ........... the train left. 13.  She cannot attend the meeting ........... she is seriously sick. 14.  The thief could not run away ....... the police had shot his leg. 15.  ........The baby was sleeping, the mother was preparing its food.

a.    Before b.    Because c.    While d.   Although e.    Since

III.     Combine the two sentences using adjective clause (which, whom, who, where, that, whose).

16.  The student is Excellent. She studies at English department.

17.  I gave the boy some money. The boy is a street wanderer.

18.  My aunt called the police. Her bag was robbed

19.  Cahyo is smart. He lives next to my office.

20.  The book is good. I borrowed the book from the library.

Descriptive text

My Litlle Sister

 I will describe my litlle sister. Her name is Khikmathur Rohma, but she is called Rohma. She is tall than me, and she has thin body. Her hair like noddle, long and her color are black. She is easygoing and kind person. She is lovely, friendly, patient, and she loves to help each other.

She is clever and smart student. She also active in organisation in the school.  Every day I see her studying in the school. Because, she lived in boarding school near my house. After having Studied , she went to boarding school. In holiday, she went home. We are watching TV at the moment . We spent holiday together,tripping in some beautiful place.I like when I am going to sleep or went I wake up. 

Clauses

A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb.

A clause can be distinguished from a phrase, which does not contain a subject and a verb (e.g., in the afternoon, drinking from the bowl).

An independent clause can express a complete thought (and can be a standalone sentence). A dependent clause is usually a supporting part of a sentence, and it cannot stand by itself as a meaningful proposition (idea). 

Examples of Independent Clauses

Here are some examples of independent clauses (shaded):

• Hera ate a cheese roll after she watched the news.

  (Hera ate a cheese roll is an independent clause. It works as a standalone sentence.)

• Even though his mother was a driving instructor, my cousin failed his driving test six times.

• A computer once beat me at chess, but it was no match for me at kick boxing. (Louis Hector Berlioz)

Examples of Dependent Clauses

Here are the same examples with the dependent clauses shaded:

• Hera ate a cheese roll after she watched the news.

(The clause after she watched the news is a dependent clause. It does not work as a standalone sentence.)

• Even though his mother was a driving instructor, my cousin failed his driving test six times.

•  A computer once beat me at chess, but it was no match for me at kick boxing.

These three dependent clauses (or subordinate clauses as they're also called) could have been independent clauses. However, the opening word(s) (in these examples after, Even though, and but) turned them into dependent clauses. The opening words are known as dependent words, the main type of which is subordinating conjunctions. 

How Are Clauses Used in Sentences?

Clauses can play a variety of roles in sentences. A clause can act as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. 

Noun Clauses

·         I cannot remember what I said last night.

(In this example, the clause acts like a noun.) 

Compare the example above to this:

·         I cannot remember my speech.

(speech = noun) 

Adjective Clauses

·         My dog, who usually refuses to go near the water, dived in the canal to chase a water vole.

(In this example, the clause acts like an adjective.) 

Compare the example above to this:

·         My water-shy dog dived in the canal to chase a water vole.

(water-shy = adjective)

If an adjective clause could be removed without wrecking the sentence (i.e., it just adds additional information), then it should be offset with commas. (You could equally use brackets or dashes.) A clause which can be safely removed is called a non-restrictive clause. A restrictive clause, on the other hand, is one which cannot be removed because it's essential to the sentence. Restrictive clauses are not offset with commas. For example:

·         The man who lives next door is getting ruder.

(This is an example of a restrictive clause. You cannot remove it. There are no commas.)

·         Councillor Simon Smith, who lives next door, is getting ruder.

(This is an example of a non-restrictive clause. You can remove it. It's just additional information. That's why there are commas around it.) 

Adverbial Clauses

·         He lost his double chin after he gave up beer.

(In this example, the clause acts like an adverb.) 

Compare the example above to this:

·         He lost his double chin recently.

(recently = adverb)